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Nature Cell Biology Online 6 October 2025 doi:10.1038/s41556-025-01769-9

Yasuaki Mohri¹, Jialiang Nie¹, Hironobu Morinaga2, Tomoki Kato², Takahiro Aoto², Takashi Yamanashi^3,4, Daisuke Nanba¹, Hiroyuki Matsumura¹, Sakura Kirino², Kouji Kobiyama^5,6, Ken J. Ishii^5,6, Masahiro Hayashi⁷, Tamio Suzuki⁷, Takeshi Namiki⁸, Jun Seita^3,4, and Emi K. Nishimura<sup>1,2 

1</sup>Division of Aging and Regeneration, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
²Department of Stem Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
³Advanced Data Science Project, RIKEN Information R&D and Strategy Headquarters, Tokyo, Japan
⁴Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan 
⁵Division of Vaccine Science, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
⁶International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
⁷Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
⁸Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan